Results for 'James A. Spiller'

972 found
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  1.  14
    Michael Bravo. North Pole: Nature and Culture. (Earth Series.) 254 pp., illus., bibl., index. London: Reaktion Books, 2018. £14.95 (paper). E-book available. [REVIEW]James A. Spiller - 2020 - Isis 111 (3):653-654.
  2.  63
    Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach.James A. Martin - 1975 - Philosophical Review 84 (1):103.
  3.  77
    Metaphysical presuppositions and scientific practices: Reductionism and organicism in cancer research.James A. Marcum - 2005 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 19 (1):31 – 45.
    Metaphysical presuppositions are important for guiding scientific practices and research. The success of twentieth-century biology, for instance, is largely attributable to presupposing that complex biological processes are reducible to elementary components. However, some biologists have challenged the sufficiency of reductionism for investigating complex biological phenomena and have proposed alternative presuppositions like organicism. In this article, contemporary cancer research is used as a case study to explore the importance of metaphysical presuppositions for guiding research. The predominant paradigm directing cancer research is (...)
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  4.  71
    Metaphysics of the cognition debate: a plurimodel theory of cognition.James A. Marcum - 2015 - Philosophica 90 (1).
    Proponents of the dual-process theory claim that two distinct types of mental faculties or minds are responsible for human cognition. The first is evolutionarily old and not unique to humans but shared with other organisms. Type-1’s key feature is autonomy from cognitive capacities; hence, it does not require working memory. Type-2 is evolutionarily recent and thought to be uniquely human. Its key feature is reflective cognitive-decoupling of Type-1 processes, if warranted; and it requires working memory. Critics, however, argue that one (...)
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  5. Epistemic virtue.James A. Montmarquet - 1987 - Mind 96 (384):482-497.
  6.  49
    Medical Cure and Progress: The Case of Type-1 Diabetes.James A. Marcum - 2011 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 54 (2):176-188.
    What is medical progress? The answer to this question is often associated with advances in diagnostic technology, with greater understanding of disease or pathological mechanisms particularly at the molecular level, or with the discovery of drugs and the developmental of surgical procedures to treat diseases. However, this facile answer can be problematic. In a New York Times Magazine article, for example, Lisa Sanders (2003) recounts a lecture delivered to her first-year class, at a "white-coat" ceremony, by the medical school dean. (...)
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  7.  68
    The literary microcosm: theories of interpretation of the later neoplatonists.James A. Coulter - 1976 - Leiden: Brill.
    INTRODUCTION The present volume is a study of the extant commentaries on a number of Plato's dialogues which were written by Neoplatonist philosophers of ...
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  8.  73
    Everyday moral issues experienced by managers.James A. Waters, Frederick Bird & Peter D. Chant - 1986 - Journal of Business Ethics 5 (5):373 - 384.
    Based on the results of open ended interviews with managers in a variety of organizational positions, moral questions encountered in everyday managerial life are described. These involve transactions with employees, peers and superiors, customers, suppliers and other stakeholders. It is suggested that managers identify transactions as involving personal moral concern when they believe that a moral standard has a bearing on the situation and when they experience themselves as having the power to affect the transaction. This is the first in (...)
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  9. The voluntariness of virtue – and belief.James A. Montmarquet - 2008 - Philosophy 83 (3):373-390.
    This paper examines the relative voluntariness of three types of virtue: 'epistemic' virtues like open-mindedness; 'motivational' virtues like courage, and more robustly 'moral' virtues like justice. A somewhat novel conception of the voluntariness of belief is offered in terms of the limited, but quite real, voluntariness of certain epistemic virtues.
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  10.  29
    Proving Necessity.James A. Martin - 1975 - Philosophy Research Archives 1:352-363.
    It is thought that a valid inference to a logically necessary conclusion must proceed from entirely necessary premises. Counter-examples show this is false. Perhaps while the truth of a necessary proposition may follow from non-necessary premises, its necessity cannot so follow. Counter-examples show this to be mistaken. Must anyone who comes to know the non-necessary premises employed in the various counter-examples have prior knowledge of the necessity of the conclusions of the counter-examples? I argue against this. It is true that, (...)
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  11. Semantic pathology and the open pair.James A. Woodbridge & Bradley Armour-Garb - 2005 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 71 (3):695–703.
    In Vagueness and Contradiction (2001), Roy Sorensen defends and extends his epistemic account of vagueness. In the process, he appeals to connections between vagueness and semantic paradox. These appeals come mainly in Chapter 11, where Sorensen offers a solution to what he calls the no-no paradox—a “neglected cousin” of the more famous liar—and attempts to use this solution as a precedent for an epistemic account of the sorites paradox. This strategy is problematic for Sorensen’s project, however, since, as we establish, (...)
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  12. Contextualizing clinical research: The epistemological role of clinical equipoise.James A. Anderson - 2009 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 30 (4):269-288.
    Since its introduction in 1987, Benjamin Freedman’s principle of clinical equipoise has enjoyed widespread uptake in bioethics discourse. Recent years, however, have witnessed a growing consensus that the principle is fundamentally flawed. One of the most vocal critics has undoubtedly been Franklin Miller. In a 2008 paper, Steven Joffe and Miller build on this critical work, offering a new conception of clinical research ethics based on science, taking what they call a “scientific orientation” toward the ethics of clinical research. Though (...)
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  13. Montgomery, Kathryn, how doctors think: Clinical judgment and the practice of medicine.James A. Marcum - 2007 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 28 (6):525-530.
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  14. The nature of light and color: Goethe's “der versuch AlS vermittler” versus Newton's experimentum crucis.James A. Marcum - 2009 - Perspectives on Science 17 (4):pp. 457-481.
    In the seventeenth century, Newton published his famous experimentum crucis, in which he claimed that light is heterogeneous and is composed of rays with different refrangibilities. Experiments, especially the crucial experiment, were important for justifying Newton’s theory of light, and eventually his theory of color. A century later, Goethe conducted a series of experiments on the nature of color, especially in contradistinction to Newton, and he defended his research with a methodological principle formulated in “Der Versuch als Vermittler.” Goethe’s principle (...)
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  15.  76
    Instituting science: Discovery or construction of scientific knowledge?James A. Marcum - 2008 - International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 22 (2):185 – 210.
    Is knowledge in the natural sciences discovered or constructed? For objectivists, scientific knowledge is discovered through investigations into a mind-independent, natural world. For constructivists, such knowledge is produced through negotiations among members of a professional guild. I examine the clash between the two positions and propose that scientific knowledge is the concurrent outcome from investigations into a natural world and from consensus reached through negotiations of a professional guild. Specifically, I introduce the general methodological notion, instituting science, which incorporates both (...)
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  16.  75
    On novel confirmation.James A. Kahn, Steven E. Landsburg & Alan C. Stockman - 1992 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 43 (4):503-516.
    Evidence that confirms a scientific hypothesis is said to be ‘novel’ if it is not discovered until after the hypothesis isconstructed. The philosophical issues surrounding novel confirmation have been well summarized by Campbell and Vinci [1983]. They write that philosophers of science generally agree that when observational evidence supports a theory, the confirmation is much stronger when the evidence is ‘novel’... There are, nevertheless, reasons to be skeptical of this tradition... The notion of novel confirmation is beset with a theoretical (...)
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  17. Moral philosophy and moral psychology in mencius.James A. Ryan - 1998 - Asian Philosophy 8 (1):47 – 64.
    This paper defends both an interpretation of Mencius' moral theory and that theory itself against alternative interpretive defences. I argue that the 'virtue ethics' reading of Mencius wrongly sees him as denying the distinction between moral philosophy and moral psychology. Virtue ethics is flawed, because it makes such a denial. But Mencius' moral theory, in spite of Mencius' obvious interest in moral psychology, does not have that flaw. However, I argue that Mencius is no rationalist. Instead, I show that he (...)
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  18. (1 other version)The dialogue of the soul with itself.James A. Blachowicz - 1997 - Journal of Consciousness Studies 4 (5-6):485-508.
    What is the cognitive significance of talking to ourselves? I criticize two interpretations of this function , and offer a third: I argue that inner speech is a genuine dialogue, not a monologue; that the partners in this dialogue represent the independent interests of experienced meaning and logical articulation; that the former is either silent or capable only of abbreviated speech; that articulation is a logical, not a social demand; and that neither partner is a full-time subordinate of the other. (...)
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  19. The problem of evil and the attributes of God.James A. Keller - 1989 - International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 26 (3):155 - 171.
    In discussions of the probabilistic argument from evil, some defenders of theism have recently argued that evil has no evidential force against theism. They base their argument on the claim that there is no reason to think that we should be able to discern morally sufficient reasons which God presumably has for permitting the evil which occurs. In this paper I try to counter this argument by discussing factors which suggest that we should generally be able to discern why God (...)
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  20.  94
    On doing good: The right and the wrong way.James A. Montmarquet - 1982 - Journal of Philosophy 79 (8):439-455.
  21. Leibniz' binary system and Shao Yong's "yijing".James A. Ryan - 1996 - Philosophy East and West 46 (1):59-90.
    The Yijing/Binary System Episode involved Leibniz' discovery of a de facto representation of the binary number system in the sixty-four-hexagram Fu Xi "Yijing." Scholars have left the match unexplained, since they have found no evidence of a forgotten binary number system in ancient China. The interesting similarities and differences are discussed between the thought of Leibniz and that of Shao Yong, both of whom, it is argued, understood and recognized the importance of the double geometric progression in the diagram.
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  22.  42
    Internally-generated activity, non-episodic memory, and emotional salience in sleep.James A. Bednar - 2000 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23 (6):908-909.
    (1) Substituting (as Solms does) forebrain for brainstem in the search for a dream “controller” is counterproductive, since a distributed system need have no single controller. (2) Evidence against episodic memory consolidation does not show that REM sleep has no role in other types of memory, contra Vertes & Eastman. (3) A generalization of Revonsuo's “threat simulation” model in reverse is more plausible and is empirically testable. [Hobson et al.; Solms; Revonsuo; Vertes & Eastman].
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  23.  55
    When dominance and sex are both right.James A. Schirillo & Melissa Fox - 2005 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 28 (4):612-613.
    We have found that the left side of faces displayed in Rembrandt's portraits capture how humans rank male dominance, helping to coordinate avoidance behaviors among asymmetric individuals. Moreover, the left side of faces may also coordinate approach responses, like attractiveness, in human females. Therefore, adding sexual selection to dominance paints a more realistic picture of what the contralateral right hemisphere is doing.
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  24.  57
    Justification of war in ancient china.James A. Stroble - 1998 - Asian Philosophy 8 (3):165 – 190.
    The most defensible justifications of war in the European intellectual tradition hold that war is instrumentally necessary for the maintenance of peace and order. An investigation of Ancient Chinese philosophical attitudes towards war calls this assumption into question. The closest parallel to an instrumental concept of war is found in the Legalist school, but historical experience in China has rejected this. The Confucian school, especially Mencius and Xunxi, insists that war is not instrumental in creating social order, but derives from (...)
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  25.  50
    Ockham and some Mertonians.James A. Weisheipl - 1968 - Mediaeval Studies 30 (1):163-213.
  26.  90
    "Pure" versus "practical" epistemic justification.James A. Montmarquet - 2007 - Metaphilosophy 38 (1):71–87.
    In this article I distinguish a type of justification that is "epistemic" in pertaining to the grounds of one's belief, and "practical" in its connection to what act(s) one may undertake, based on that belief. Such justification, on the proposed account, depends mainly on the proportioning of "inner epistemic virtue" to the "outer risks" implied by one's act. The resulting conception strikes a balance between the unduly moralistic conception of William Clifford and contemporary naturalist virtue theories.
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  27.  71
    Why Pornography Is Valuable.James A. Gould - 1991 - International Journal of Applied Philosophy 6 (2):53-55.
  28.  50
    Symbols in life and art: the Royal Society of Canada symposium in memory of George Whalley.James A. Leith & George Whalley (eds.) - 1987 - Kingston, Ont.: Published for the Royal Society of Canada by McGill-Queen's University Press.
    Printbegrænsninger: Der kan printes 10 sider ad gangen og max. 40 sider pr. session.
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  29.  53
    The Interrelationship of Nature and the Final Cause.James A. Mcwilliams - 1951 - Proceedings of the American Catholic Philosophical Association 25:108-116.
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  30.  21
    On the explanatory power of some metaethical views.James A. Montmarquet - 1982 - Journal of Value Inquiry 16 (4):249-257.
  31.  62
    Cognitive-contingency theory and the study of ethics in accounting.James A. Schweikart - 1992 - Journal of Business Ethics 11 (5-6):471 - 478.
    Ethics research in Accounting has not proceeded beyond the descriptive level while, at the same time, ethics is a vital part of accounting decisions to the point where professional codes of etherics are necessary. A theoretical model is offered using cognitive and contingency (field) theories to gain insight into how ethical considerations enter into accounting decisions. Propositions are generated so that the use of ethics in accounting decisions can be predicted.
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  32.  25
    Explanations of comparative facts: A shift in focus.Daniel Heussen, Silvio Aldrovandi, Petko Kusev & James A. Hampton - 2009 - In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn, Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society.
  33.  59
    Hemostatic regulation and Whitehead's philosophy of organism.James A. Marcum & Geert M. N. Verschuuren - 1986 - Acta Biotheoretica 35 (1-2):123-133.
    Biology as a scientific discipline has relied heavily upon advances in chemistry and physics. An inherent danger in this relationship is the reduction of living phenomena to physico-chemical terms. Whitehead's Philosophy of Organism is utilized to examine current methodologies within biology and to evaluate their appropriateness for future research. Hemostatic regulation is employed to illustrate the applications of organistic concepts to biological research. It is concluded that understanding of living entities and their properties as well as possibly life itself will (...)
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  34.  65
    Systems theory and evolutionary models of the development of science.James A. Blachowicz - 1971 - Philosophy of Science 38 (2):178-199.
    Philosophers of science have used various formulations of the "random mutation--natural selection" scheme to explain the development of scientific knowledge. But the uncritical acceptance of this evolutionary model has led to substantive problems concerning the relation between fact and theory. The primary difficulty lies in the fact that those who adopt this model (Popper and Kuhn, for example) are led to claim that theories arise chiefly through the processes of relatively random change. Systems theory constitutes a general criticism of this (...)
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  35.  97
    Taking the ‘Error’ Out of Ruse‘s Error Theory.James A. Ryan - 1997 - Biology and Philosophy 12 (3):385-397.
    Michael Ruses Darwinian metaethics has come under just criticism from Peter Woolcock (1993). But with modification it remains defensible. Ruse (1986) holds that people ordinarily have a false belief that there are objective moral obligations. He argues that the evolutionary story should be taken as an error theory, i.e., as a theory which explains the belief that there are obligations as arising from non-rational causes, rather than from inference or evidential reasons. Woolcock quite rightly objects that this position entails moral (...)
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  36.  25
    Immortality and inalienability: Baldus de Ubaldis.James A. Wahl - 1970 - Mediaeval Studies 32 (1):308-328.
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  37.  53
    Materialism and consumer ethics: An exploratory study. [REVIEW]James A. Muncy & Jacqueline K. Eastman - 1998 - Journal of Business Ethics 17 (2):137-145.
    As the issue of marketing's social responsibility grows in significance, the topic of materialism surfaces. While many marketing efforts encourage materialism, the materialism that is encouraged may have negative societal effects. An understanding of the effects of materialism on individuals, families, society, etc., is important in evaluating whether or not it is socially irresponsible for marketers to encourage materialism. However, the adequate empirical work has not yet been done on the overall effects of materialism. The current paper asks and addresses (...)
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  38.  44
    Representing consumer interests: The case of american health planning.James A. Morone & Theodore R. Marmor - 1981 - Ethics 91 (3):431-450.
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  39. Conservatism and coherentism in Aristotle, confucius, and mencius.James A. Ryan - 2001 - Journal of Chinese Philosophy 28 (3):275–284.
  40.  35
    A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Daniel.Max L. Margolis & James A. Montgomery - 1929 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 49:78.
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  41. Brought to you by| Google Googlebot-Web Crawler SEO.Ronald G. Barr, Brian Hopkins & James A. Green - 2003 - Semiotica 143 (1/4):211-215.
     
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  42.  44
    Albertus Magnus and Universal Hylomorphism.James A. WeisheipI - 1979 - Southwestern Journal of Philosophy 10 (3):239-260.
  43.  35
    Aristotle on Natural Place.James A. Weisheipl - 1956 - New Scholasticism 30 (2):206-210.
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  44.  24
    Natural and Compulsory Movement.James A. Weisheipl - 1955 - New Scholasticism 29 (1):50-81.
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  45.  82
    Wallace’s ‘Kantian’ Strawsonianism. [REVIEW]James A. Montmarquet - 2002 - Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 64 (3):687–692.
    My account begins with Strawson’s celebrated “Freedom and Resentment” lecture. Here by making the “reactive emotions” partly constitutive of holding someone responsible, Strawson offered a deep analysis of what was wrong with the forward-looking, behavior-affecting view of responsibility often espoused by determinists, while apparently avoiding the metaphysical baggage carried by libertarianism. Yet, for all the promise of such a view, there remained the question of what a carefully worked-out, Strawsonian conception of responsibility would actually look like. In this study I (...)
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  46. Truth as a Pretense.James A. Woodbridge - 2005 - In Mark Eli Kalderon, Fictionalism in Metaphysics. New York: Oxford University Press UK. pp. 134.
    Truth-talk exhibits certain features that render it philosophically suspect and motivate a deflationary account. I offer a new formulation of deflationism that explains truth-talk in terms of semantic pretense. This amounts to a fictionalist account of truth-talk but avoids an error-theoretic interpretation and its resulting incoherence. The pretense analysis fits especially well with deflationism’s central commitment, and it handles truth-talk’s unusual features effectively. In particular, this approach suggests an interesting strategy for dealing with the Liar paradox. This version of deflationism (...)
     
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  47. Integrity management.James A. Waters - 1988 - In Suresh Srivastva, Executive integrity: the search for high human values in organizational life. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
     
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  48.  45
    The Self We Live By: Narrative Identity in a Postmodern World.James A. Holstein & Jaber F. Gubrium - 1999 - Oup Usa.
    The Self We Live By confronts the serious challenges facing the self in postmodern times. Taking issue with contemporary trivializations of the self, the book traces a course of development from the early pragmatists who formulated what they called the 'empirical self', to contemporary constructionist views of the storied self. Presenting an institutional context for the increasing complexity and ubiquity of narrative identity, the authors illustrate the 'everyday technology of self construction' and idscuss the resulting moral climate. The book is (...)
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  49.  26
    An lntroduction to the Philosophy of Nature. [REVIEW]James A. Weisheipl - 1961 - New Scholasticism 35 (3):378-379.
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  50. Antonio Piolanti , "San Tommaso, Fonti e riflessi del suo pensiero, Saggi". [REVIEW]James A. Weisheipl - 1976 - The Thomist 40 (2):322.
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